Carbon Fiber is composed of two parts, the carbon or graphite material and the epoxy matrix... the process for refining the carbon strands is a bit involved baking it between 300* C and 2000*C depending on the kind.. the main forms of carbon + epoxy mixing are: wet layup and Prepreg. Wet layup is the most common (import hoods and low end builds usually use polyester resin), and Pre preg is usually how most large volume higher dollar parts are made. The resin is embedded in the carbon weave and refrigerated until just before layup.. More expensive but usually results in less porosity and a better piece.. All in all, its all man made...
warplanes use a lot of carbon.. we are at war... (my personal views will not be discussed on this issue lol)